Heterocyclic substituted isoxazolidines and their use as fungicides

ABSTRACT

Compounds with fungicidal properties having formula                    
     X is CH or nitrogen; R is (C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 8 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl, halo(C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 12 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aralkyl, aryloxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl or heterocyclic; R 1  is aryl, heterocyclic or C(R 6 R 7 R 8 ). R 2  and R 3  are each selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )alkoxy, halo(C 1 -C 12 )alkoxy, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic; cyano, and (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonyl; R 4  and R 5  are each selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkenyl, halo(C 2 -C 8 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl, halo(C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, halo(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aryl, aryloxy(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, cyano, and (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxycarbonyl such that R 4  and R 5  are not both hydrogen; R 6 , R 7 , and R 8  are each selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkenyl, (C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl, (C 1 -C 12 )alkoxy(C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heterocyclic(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl.

This application claims benefit of No. 60/123,783 Mar. 11, 1999 under 35 USC 119(e).

The present invention relates to heterocyclic substituted isoxazolidines compounds, compositions containing these compounds and methods for controlling fungi by the use of a fungitoxic amount of these compounds.

It is known that certain. 2-aryl-3-(3′-pyridyl)isoxazolidines, U.S. Pat. No. 4,066,770, are useful as fungicides.

We have discovered novel isoxazolidine derivatives which possess 3,3′-disubstitution, one of which is a 3-pyridyl or 5-pyrimidinyl, and the other of which is a non-hydrogen bearing substituent and additionally at C-5 at least one carbon bearing substituent.

The novel heterocyclic substituted isoxazolidine compounds of the present invention have the Formula (I)

X is CH or nitrogen;

R is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl, halo(C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, halo(C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, halo(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aralkyl, aryloxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl and heterocyclic

R₁ is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heterocyclic and C(R₆R₇R₈).

R₂ and R₃ are each independently selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, cyano, and (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl;

R₄ and R₅ are each selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl, halo(C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, halo(C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, halo(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aryl, aryloxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, cyano, and (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl such that R₄ and R₅ are not both hydrogen;

R₆, R₇, and R₈ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heterocyclic(C₁-C₄)alkyl;

The aforementioned (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl and (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted with up to three substituents selected from the group consisting of nitro, trihalomethyl and cyano.

The term alkyl includes both branched and straight chained alkyl groups from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Typical alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, isooctyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and the like. The term haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted with 1 to 3 halogens.

The term alkenyl refers to an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, having a chain length of 2 to 12 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 ethylenic bonds. The term haloalkenyl refers to an alkenyl group substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms. The term alkynyl refers to an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, having a chain length of 2 to 12 carbon atoms and 1 or 2 acetylenic bonds.

The term cycloalkyl refers to a saturated ring system having 3 to 7 carbon atoms. The term aryl is understood to be phenyl or napthyl, which maybe further substituted with up to three substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, trihalomethyl, phenyl, phenoxy, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkylthio, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfoxide (C₁-C₆)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl.

Typical aryl substituents include but are not limited to 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluoro-phenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 3-methyphenyl, 4-methyl-phenyl, 2,4-dibromophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl, 4-methoxy-phenyl, 2-chloronapthyl, 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and 2-iodo-4-methylphenyl.

The term heterocyclic refers to a substituted or unsubstituted 5 or 6 membered unsaturated ring containing one, two or three heteroatoms, preferably one or two heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur; or is a bicyclic unsaturated ring system containing up to 10 atoms including one heteratom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Examples of heterocycles include, but are not limited to, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, 2-, 4-, or 5-pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, quinolyl and isoquinolyl. The heterocyclic ring may be optionally substituted with up to two substituents independently selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halogen, cyano, nitro and trihalomethyl.

The term aralkyl is used to describe a group wherein the alkyl chain is from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and can be branched or straight chain, preferably a straight chain, with the aryl portion, as defined above, forming a terminal portion of the aralkyl moiety. Typical aralkyl moieties are optionally substituted benzyl, phenethyl, phenpropyl and phenbutyl moieties. Typical benzyl moieties are 2-chlorobenzyl, 3-chlorobenzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 2-fluorobenzyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 4-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl, 2,4-dibromobenzyl, 2-methylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl, and 4-methylbenzyl. Typical phenethyl moieties are 2-(2-chloro-phenyl)ethyl, 2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl, 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-ethyl, 2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl, 2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl, 2-(3-methylphenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethyl, 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl, 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl, 2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. Typical phenpropyl moieties are 3-phenylpropyl, 3-(2-chlorophenyl)propyl, 3-(3-chlorophenyl)propyl, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl, 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)propyl, 3-(2-fluorophenyl)propyl, 3-(3-fluorophenyl)propyl, 3-(4-fluorophenyl)propyl, 3-(2-methylphenyl)propyl, 3-(3-methylphenyl)propyl, 3-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl, 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)propyl, 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)propyl, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl, 3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)propyl, 3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)propyl and 3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propyl.

Typical phenbutyl moieties include are 4-phenylbutyl, 4-(2-chlorophenyl)butyl, 4-(3-chlorophenyl)butyl, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)butyl, 4-(2-fluorophenyl)butyl, 4-(3-fluoro-phenyl)butyl, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)butyl, 4-(2-methylphenyl)butyl, 4-(3-methylphenyl)-butyl, 4-(4-methylphenyl)butyl, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)butyl, 4-(2-methoxphenyl)butyl, 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)butyl and 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)butyl.

Halogen or halo is defined as iodo, fluoro, bromo and chloro moieties.

Those skilled in the art will recognize the groups R₂, R₃ and R₄, R₅ can exist as cis or trans isomers relative to the heterocyclic ring and R₁ at C-3. These isomers can be separated into individual components by conventional means. Both the individual isomeric compounds and mixtures thereof form subjects of the invention and have fungicidal properties.

A preferred embodiment of this invention are the compounds, enantiomorphs, salts and complexes of Formula (I′) wherein R₂, R₃, R₅ are hydrogen, R₁ is aryl or C(R₆R₇R₈), R is (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl and R₄ is independently aryl, aryloxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aralkyl, heterocyclic cyano, or (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl.

A more preferred embodiment of this invention are the compounds, enantiomorphs, salts and complexes of Formula (I″) wherein X is CH, R is methyl and R₁ is C(R₆R₇R₈) in which R₆, R₇, and R₈ are hydrogen.

Typical compounds encompassed by the present invention of Formula I include those compounds presented in Table 1 of Formula II wherein X is CH, R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen, R₁ is C(R₆R₇R₈) wherein R₄, R₅, R₆, R₇, and R₈ are defined in Table 1.

TABLE I Cmpd # R R₄ R₅ R₆ R₇ R₈ Physical Property 1.1 CH₃ Ph H H H H oil 1.2 CH₃ 2-Cl(Ph) H H H H oil 1.3 CH₃ 3-Cl(Ph) H H H H oil 1.4 CH₃ 4-Cl(Ph) H H H H oil 1.4A CH₃ 4-Cl(Ph) H H H H oil, isomer A 1.4B CH₃ 4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 75-80° C. 1.5 CH₃ 2-F(Ph) H W H H oil 1.6 CH₃ 3-F(Ph) H H H H oil 1.7 CH₃ 4-F(Ph) H H H H oil 1.8 CH₃ 2-Br(Ph) H H H H 1.9 CH₃ 3-Br(Ph) H H H H oil 1.10 CH₃ 4-Br(Ph) H H H H oil 1.11 CH₃ 2-CF₃(Ph) H H H H 1.12 CH₃ 3-CF₃(Ph) H H H H 1.13 CH₃ 4-CF₃(Ph) H H H H oil 1.14 CH₃ 2-CH₃(Ph) H H H H 1.15 CH₃ 3-CH₃(Ph) H H H H oil 1.16 CH₃ 4-CH₃(Ph) H H H H 1.17 CH₃ 2-OCH₃(Ph) H H H H 1.18 CH₃ 3-OCH₃(Ph) H H H H 1.19 CH₃ 4-OCH₃(Ph) H H H H 1.20 CH₃ 1-Naphthyl H H H H 1.21 CH₃ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.22 CH₃ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.23 CH₃ 2,4-CH₃(Ph) H H H H oil 1.23A CH₃ 2,4-CH₃(Ph) H H H H oil 1.24 CH₃ 2-Pyridyl H H H H 1.25 CH₃ 3-Pyridyl H H H H 1.26 CH₃ 4-Pyridyl H H H H 1.27 CH₃ CH₂—O(Ph) H H H H 1.28 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 1.29 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 1.30 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 1.31 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-F(Ph)) H H H H 1.32 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-F(Ph)) H H H H 1.33 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-F(Ph)) H H H H 1.34 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 1.35 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 1.36 C₂H₅ Ph H H H H 1.37 C₂H₅ 2Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.38 C₂H₅ 3Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.39 C₂H₅ 4Cl(Ph) H H H H oil 1.40 C₂H₅ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.41 C₂H₅ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.42 C₂H₅ 2-Pyridyl H H H H 1.43 C₂H₅ 3-Pyridyl H H H H 1.44 C₂H₅ 4-Pyridyl H H H H 1.45 C₂H₅ —CH₂—OPh H H H H 1.46 C₂H₅ CH₂—O-(4-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 1.47 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 1.48 iso-C₃H₇ Ph H H H H 1.49 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.50 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.51 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Cl(Ph) H H H H oil 1.52 iso-C₃H₇ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.53 iso-C₃H₇ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.54 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Pyridyl H H H H 1.55 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Pyridyl H H H H 1.56 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Pyridyl H H H H 1.57 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—OPh H H H H 1.58 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O-(4-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 1.59 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 1.60 c-C₆H₁₁ Ph H H H H 1.61 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.62 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.63 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Cl(Ph) H H H H oil 1.65 c-C₆H₁₁ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.64 c-C₆H₁₁ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 1.66 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Pyridyl H H H H 1.67 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Pyridyl H H H H 1.68 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Pyridyl H H H H 1.69 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—OPh H H H H 1.70 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O-(4-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 1.71 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 1.72 CH₃ Ph H CH₃ H H 1.73 CH₃ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.74 CH₃ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.75 CH₃ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.76 CH₃ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.77 CH₃ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.78 CH₃ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.79 CH₃ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.80 CH₃ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.81 CH₃ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ H H 1.82 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.83 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.84 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.85 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-F(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.86 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-F(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.87 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-F(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.88 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.89 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.90 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.91 C₂H₅ Ph H CH₃ H H 1.89 C₂H₅ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.90 C₂H₅ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.91 C₂H₅ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.92 C₂H₅ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.93 C₂H₅ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.94 C₂H₅ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.95 C₂H₅ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.96 C₂H₅ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.97 C₂H₅ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ H H 1.98 C₂H₅ CH₂—O-(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.99 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.100 iso-C₃H₇ Ph H CH₃ H H 1.100 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.101 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.102 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.103 iso-C₃H₇ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.104 iso-C₃H₇ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.105 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.106 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Prridyl H CH₃ H H 1.107 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.108 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ H H 1.109 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O-(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.110 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.111 c-C₆H₁₁ Ph H CH₃ H H 1.112 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.113 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.114 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.115 c-C₆H₁₁ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.116 c-C₆H₁₁ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 1.117 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.118 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.119 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 1.120 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ H H 1.121 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O-(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.122 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 1.123 CH₃ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.124 CH₃ 2Cl(Ph) H CH₃ *CH₃ H 1.125 CH₃ 3Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.126 CH₃ 4Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.127 CH₃ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.128 CH₃ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.129 CH₃ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.130 CH₃ 3-#dy1 H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.131 CH₃ 4-Prrldyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.132 CH₃ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.133 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.134 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.135 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.136 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.137 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.138 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.139 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.140 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.141 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.142 C₂H₅ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.143 C₂H₅ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.144 C₂H₅ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.145 C₂H₅ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.146 C₂H₅ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.147 C₂H₅ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.148 C₂H₅ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.149 C₂H₅ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.150 C₂H₅ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.151 C₂H₅ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.152 C₂H₅ CH₂—O-(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.153 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.154 iso-C₃H₇ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.155 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.156 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.157 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.158 iso-C₃H₇ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.159 iso-C₃H₇ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.160 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.161 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.162 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.163 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.164 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O-(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.165 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.166 c-C₆H₁₁ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.167 c-C₆H₁₁ 2Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.168 c-C₆H₁₁ 3Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.169 c-C₆H₁₁ 4Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.170 c-C₆H₁₁ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.171 c-C₆H₁₁ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.172 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.173 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.174 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.175 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.176 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O-(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.177 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.178 CH₃ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.179 CH₃ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.180 CH₃ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.181 CH₃ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.182 CH₃ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.183 CH₃ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.184 CH₃ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.185 CH₃ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.186 CH₃ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.187 CH₃ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.188 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.189 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.190 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.191 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.192 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.193 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.194 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.195 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.196 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.197 C₂H₅ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.198 C₂H₅ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.199 C₂H₅ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.200 C₂H₅ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.201 C₂H₅ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.202 C₂H₅ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.203 C₂H₅ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.204 C₂H₅ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.205 C₂H₅ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.206 C₂H₅ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.207 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.208 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.209 iso-C₃H₇ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.210 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.211 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.212 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.213 iso-C₃H₇ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.214 iso-C₃H₇ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.215 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.216 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.217 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.218 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.219 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.220 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.221 c-C₆H₁₁ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.222 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.223 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.224 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.225 c-C₆H₁₁ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.226 c-C₆H₁₁ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.227 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.228 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.229 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.230 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.231 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.232 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.233 CH₃ CN H H H H 1.234 CH₃ CO₂CH₃ H H H H 1.235 CH₃ CN H CH₃ H H 1.236 CH₃ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ H H 1.237 CH₃ CN H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.238 CH₃ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.239 C₂H₅ CN H H H H 1.240 C₂H₅ CO₂CH₃ H H H H 1.241 C₂H₅ CN H CH₃ H H 1.242 C₂H₅ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ H H 1.243 C₂H₅ CN H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.244 C₂H₅ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.245 iso-C₃H₇ CN H H H H 1.246 iso-C₃H₇ CO₂CH₃ H H H H 1.247 iso-C₃H₇ CN H CH₃ H H 1.248 iso-C₃H₇ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ H H 1.249 iso-C₃H₇ CN H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.250 iso-C₃H₇ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.251 c-C₆H₁₁ CN H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.252 c-C₆H₁₁ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ H 1.253 CH₃ CN H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.254 CH₃ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.255 C₂H₅ CN H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.256 C₂H₅ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.257 iso-C₃H₇ CN H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.258 iso-C₃H₇ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.259 c-C₆H₁₁ CN H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 1.260 c-C₆H₁₁ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃

Typical compounds encompassed by the present invention of Formula I include those compounds presented in Table 2 of Formula III wherein X is nitrogen, R₂ and R₃ are hydrogen, R₁ is C(R₆R₇R₈) wherein R₆, R₇, and R₈ are defined in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Cmpd # R R₄ R₅ R₆ R₇ R₈ Physical Property 2.1 CH₃ Ph H H H H 2.2 CH₃ 2-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.3 CH₃ 3-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.4 CH₃ 4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.5 CH₃ 2-F(Ph) H H H H 2.6 CH₃ 3-F(Ph) H H H H 2.7 CH₃ 4-F(Ph) H H H H 2.8 CH₃ 2-Br(Ph) H H H H 2.9 CH₃ 3-Br(Ph) H H H H 2.10 CH₃ 4-Br(Ph) H H H H 2.11 CH₃ 2-CF₃(Ph) H H H H 2.12 CH₃ 3-CF₃(Ph) H H H H 2.13 CH₃ 4-CF₃(Ph) H H H H 2.14 CH₃ 2-CH₃(Ph) H H H H 2.15 CH₃ 3-CH₃(Ph) H H H H 2.16 CH₃ 4-CH₃(Ph) H H H H 2.17 CH₃ 2-OCH₃(Ph) H H H H 2.18 CH₃ 3-OCH₃(Ph) H H H H 2.19 CH₃ 4-OCH₃(Ph) H H H H 2.20 CH₃ 1-Naphthyl H H H H 2.21 CH₃ 2-Naphthyl H H H H 2.22 CH₃ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.23 CH₃ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.24 CH₃ 3,5-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.25 CH₃ 2-Pyridyl H H H H 2.26 CH₃ 3-Pyridyl H H H H 2.27 CH₃ 4-Pyridyl H H H H 2.28 CH₃ CH₂—O(Ph) H H H H 2.29 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 2.30 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 2.31 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 2.32 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-F(Ph)) H H H H 2.33 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-F(Ph)) H H H H 2.34 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-F(Ph)) H H H H 2.35 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 2.36 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 2.37 C₂H₅ Ph H H H H 2.38 C₂H₅ 2-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.39 C₂H₅ 3-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.40 C₂H₅ 4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.41 C₂H₅ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.42 C₂H₅ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.43 C₂H₅ 2-Pyridyl H H H H 2.44 C₂H₅ 3-Pyridyl H H H H 2.45 C₂H₅ 4-Pyridyl H H H H 2.46 C₂H₅ CH₂—OPh H H H H 2.47 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 2.48 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 2.49 iso-C₃H₇ Ph H H H H 2.5 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.51 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.52 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.53 iso-C₃H₇ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.54 iso-C₃H₇ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.55 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Pyridyl H H H H 2.56 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Pyridyl H H H H 2.57 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Pyridyl H H H H 2.58 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—OPh H H H H 2.59 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 2.60 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 2.61 c-C₆H₁₁ Ph H H H H 2.62 c-C₆H₁₁ 2Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.63 c-C₆H₁₁ 3Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.64 c-C₆H₁₁ 4Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.65 c-C₆H₁₁ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.66 c-C₆H₁₁ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H H H H 2.67 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Pyridyl H H H H 2.68 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Pyridyl H H H H 2.69 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Pyridyl H H H H 2.70 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—OPh H H H H 2.71 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H H H H 2.72 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H H H H 2.73 CH₃ Ph H CH₃ H H 2.74 CH₃ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.75 CH₃ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.76 CH₃ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.77 CH₃ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.78 CH₃ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.79 CH₃ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.80 CH₃ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.81 CH₃ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.82 CH₃ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ H H 2.83 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.84 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.85 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.86 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-F(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.87 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-F(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.88 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-F(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.89 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.90 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.91 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.92 C₂H₅ Ph H CH₃ H H 2.93 C₂H₅ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.94 C₂H₅ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.95 C₂H₅ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.96 C₂H₅ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.97 C₂H₅ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.98 C₂H₅ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.99 C₂H₅ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.100 C₂H₅ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.101 C₂H₅ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ H H 2.102 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.103 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.104 iso-C₃H₇ Ph H CH₃ H H 2.105 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.106 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.107 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.108 iso-C₃H₇ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.109 iso-C₃H₇ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.110 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.111 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.112 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.113 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ H H 2.114 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.115 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.116 c-C₆H₁₁ Ph H CH₃ H H 2.117 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.118 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.119 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.120 c-C₆H₁₁ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.121 c-C₆H₁₁ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ H H 2.122 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O-Ph H CH₃ H H 2.123 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.124 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.125 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ H H 2.126 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.127 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ H H 2.128 CH₃ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.129 CH₃ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.130 CH₃ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.131 CH₃ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.132 CH₃ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.133 CH₃ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.134 CH₃ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.135 CH₃ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.136 CH₃ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.137 CH₃ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.138 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.139 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.140 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.141 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.142 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.143 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.144 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.145 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.146 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.147 C₂H₅ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.148 C₂H₅ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.149 C₂H₅ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.150 C₂H₅ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.151 C₂H₅ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.152 C₂H₅ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.153 C₂H₅ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.154 C₂H₅ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.155 C₂H₅ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.156 C₂H₅ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.157 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.158 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.159 iso-C₃H₇ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.160 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.161 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.162 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.163 iso-C₃H₇ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.164 iso-C₃H₇ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.165 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.166 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.167 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.168 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.169 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.170 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.171 c-C₆H₁₁ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.172 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.173 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.174 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.175 c-C₆H₁₁ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.176 c-C₆H₁₁ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.177 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.178 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.179 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.180 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.181 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.182 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.183 CH₃ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.184 CH₃ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.185 CH₃ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.186 CH₃ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.187 CH₃ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.188 CH₃ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.189 CH₃ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.190 CH₃ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.191 CH₃ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.192 CH₃ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.193 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.194 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.195 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.196 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.197 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.198 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-F(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.199 CH₃ CH₂—O(2-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.200 CH₃ CH₂—O(3-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.201 CH₃ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.202 C₂H₅ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.203 C₂H₅ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.204 C₂H₅ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.205 C₂H₅ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.206 C₂H₅ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.207 C₂H₅ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.208 C₂H₅ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.209 C₂H₅ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.210 C₂H₅ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.211 C₂H₅ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.212 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.213 C₂H₅ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.214 iso-C₃H₇ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.215 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.216 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.217 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.218 iso-C₃H₇ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.219 iso-C₃H₇ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.220 iso-C₃H₇ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.221 iso-C₃H₇ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.222 iso-C₃H₇ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.223 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.224 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.225 iso-C₃H₇ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.226 c-C₆H₁₁ Ph H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.227 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.228 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.229 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.230 c-C₆H₁₁ 2,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.231 c-C₆H₁₁ 3,4-Cl(Ph) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.232 c-C₆H₁₁ 2-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.233 c-C₆H₁₁ 3-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.234 c-C₆H₁₁ 4-Pyridyl H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.235 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—OPh H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.236 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.237 c-C₆H₁₁ CH₂—O(4-CF₃(Ph)) H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.238 CH₃ CN H H H H 2.239 CH₃ CO₂CH₃ H H H H 2.240 CH₃ CN H CH₃ H H 2.241 CH₃ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ H H 2.242 CH₃ CN H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.243 CH₃ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.244 C₂H₅ CN H H H H 2.245 C₂H₅ CO₂CH₃ H H H H 2.246 C₂H₅ CN H CH₃ H H 2.247 C₂H₅ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ H H 2.248 C₂H₅ CN H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.249 C₂H₅ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.250 iso-C₃H₇ CN H H H H 2.251 iso-C₃H₇ CO₂CH₃ H H H H 2.252 iso-C₃H₇ CN H CH₃ H H 2.253 iso-C₃H₇ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ H H 2.254 iso-C₃H₇ CN H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.255 iso-C₃H₇ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.256 c-C₆H₁₁ CN H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.257 c-C₆H₁₁ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ H 2.258 CH₃ CN H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.259 CH₃ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.260 C₂H₅ CN H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.261 C₂H₅ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.262 iso-C₃H₇ CN H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ 2.263 iso-C₃H₇ CO₂CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃

Typical compounds encompassed by the present invention of Formula I include those compounds presented in Table 3 of Formula IV, R₂, R₃, and R₅ are hydrogen, and R₁, R₄, and X are defined in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Cmpd # R X R₁ R₄ Physical Property 3.1 CH₃ CH Ph Ph 3.2 CH₃ CH Ph 2-Cl(Ph) 3.3 CH₃ CH Ph 3-Cl(Ph) 3.4 CH₃ CH Ph 4-Cl(Ph) 3.5 CH₃ CH Ph 2-F(Ph) 3.6 CH₃ CH Ph 3-F(Ph) 3.7 CH₃ CH Ph 4-F(Ph) 3.8 CH₃ CH Ph 2-Br(Ph) 3.9 CH₃ CH Ph 3-Br(Ph) 3.10 CH₃ CH Ph 4-Br(Ph) 3.11 CH₃ CH Ph 2-CF₃(Ph) 3.12 CH₃ CH Ph 3-CF₃(Ph) 3.13 CH₃ CH Ph 4-CF₃(Ph) 3.14 CH₃ CH Ph 4-CH₃(Ph) 3.15 CH₃ CH Ph 1-Naphthyl 3.16 CH₃ CH Ph 2,4-Cl(Ph) 3.17 CH₃ CH Ph 3,4-Cl(Ph) 3.18 CH₃ CH Ph 3,5-Cl(Ph) 3.19 CH₃ CH Ph 2-Pyridyl 3.20 CH₃ CH Ph 3-Pyridyl 3.21 CH₃ CH Ph 4-Pyridyl 3.22A CH₃ CH Ph CH₂—O(Ph) 141-147, isomer A 3.22B CH₃ CH Ph CH₂—O(Ph) oil, isomer B 3.23 CH₃ CH Ph CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) 3.24 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) Ph 3.25 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 2-Cl(Ph) 3.26 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3-Cl(Ph) 3.27 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 4-Cl(Ph) 3.28 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 2-F(Ph) 3.29 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3-F(Ph) 3.30 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 4-F(Ph) 3.31 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 2-Br(Ph) 3.32 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3-Br(Ph) 3.33 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 4-Br(Ph) 3.34 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 2-CF₃(Ph) 3.35 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3-CF₃(Ph) 3.36 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 4-CF₃(Ph) 3.37 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 4-CH₃(Ph) 3.38 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 1-Naphthyl 3.39 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 2,4-Cl(Ph) 3.40 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3,4-Cl(Ph) 3.41 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3,5-Cl(Ph) 3.42 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 2-Pyridyl 3.43 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3-Pyridyl 3.44 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 4-Pyridyl 3.45 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) CH₂—OPh 3.46 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) 3.47 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) Ph 3.48 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 2-Cl(Ph) 3.49 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 3-Cl(Ph) 3.50 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-Cl(Ph) 3.51 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 2-F(Ph) 3.52 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 3-F(Ph) 3.53 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-F(Ph) 3.54 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 2-Br(Ph) 3.55 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 3-Br(Ph) 3.56 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-Br(Ph) 3.57 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 2-CF₃(Ph) 3.58 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 3-CF₃(Ph) 3.59 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-CF₃(Ph) 3.60 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-CH₃(Ph) 3.61 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 1-Naphthyl 3.62 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 2,4-Cl(Ph) 3.63 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 3,4-Cl(Ph) 3.64 CH₃ CH 4-CF₃(Ph) 3,5-Cl(Ph) 3.65 C₂H₅ CH Ph Ph 3.66 C₂H₅ CH Ph 2-Cl(Ph) 3.67 C₂H₅ CH Ph 3-Cl(Ph) 3.68 C₂H₅ CH Ph 4-Cl(Ph) 3.69 C₂H₅ CH Ph 2-F(Ph) 3.70 C₂H₅ CH Ph 3-F(Ph) 3.71 C₂H₅ CH Ph 4-F(Ph) 3.72 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) Ph 3.73 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 2-CF₃(Ph) 3.74 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3-CF₃(Ph) 3.75 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 4-CF₃(Ph) 3.76 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 4-CH₃(Ph) 3.77 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 1-Naphthyl 3.78 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 2,4-Cl(Ph) 3.79 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3,4-Cl(Ph) 3.80 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3,5-Cl(Ph) 3.81 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 2-Pyridyl 3.82 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 3-Pyridyl 3.83 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) 4-Pyridyl 3.84 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) CH₂—OPh 3.85 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) 3.86 CH₃ CH 2-Pyridyl Ph 3.87 CH₃ CH 3-Pyridyl Ph 3.88 CH₃ CH 4-Pyridyl Ph 3.89 CH₃ CH 2-Pyridyl 2-Cl(Ph) 3.90 CH₃ CH 3-Pyridyl 3-Cl(Ph) 3.91 CH₃ CH 4-Pyridyl 4-Cl(Ph) 3.92 C₂H₅ CH 3-Pyridyl CH₂—OPh 3.93 C₂H₅ CH 2-Pyridyl CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) 3.94 CH₃ CH Ph CN 3.95 CH₃ CH Ph CO₂CH₃ 3.96 C₂H₅ CH Ph CN 3.97 C₂H₅ CH Ph CO₂CH₃ 3.98 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) CN 3.99 CH₃ CH 4-Cl(Ph) CO₂CH₃ 3.100 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) CN 3.101 C₂H₅ CH 4-Cl(Ph) CO₂CH₃ 3.102 CH₃ N Ph Ph 3.103 CH₃ N Ph 2-Cl(Ph) 3.104 CH₃ N Ph 3-Cl(Ph) 3.105 CH₃ N Ph 4-Cl(Ph) 3.106 CH₃ N Ph 2-F(Ph) 3.107 CH₃ N Ph 3-F(Ph) 3.108 CH₃ N Ph 4-F(Ph) 3.109 CH₃ N Ph 2-Br(Ph) 3.110 CH₃ N Ph 3-Br(Ph) 3.111 CH₃ N Ph 4-Br(Ph) 3.112 CH₃ N Ph 2-CF₃(Ph) 3.113 CH₃ N Ph 3-CF₃(Ph) 3.114 CH₃ N Ph 4-CF₃(Ph) 3.115 CH₃ N Ph 4-CH₃(Ph) 3.116 CH₃ N Ph 1-Naphthyl 3.117 CH₃ N Ph 2,4-Cl(Ph) 3.118 CH₃ N Ph 3,4-Cl(Ph) 3.119 CH₃ N Ph 3,5-Cl(Ph) 3.120 CH₃ N Ph 2-Pyridyl 3.121 CH₃ N Ph 3-Pyridyl 3.122 CH₃ N Ph 4-Pyridyl 3.123 CH₃ N Ph CH₂—OPh 3.124 CH₃ N Ph CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) 3.125 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) Ph 3.126 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 2-Cl(Ph) 3.127 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3-Cl(Ph) 3.128 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 4-Cl(Ph) 3.129 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 2-F(Ph) 3.130 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3-F(Ph) 3.131 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 4-F(Ph) 3.132 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 2-Br(Ph) 3.133 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3-Br(Ph) 3.134 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 4-Br(Ph) 3.135 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 2-CF₃(Ph) 3.136 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3-CF₃(Ph) 3.137 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 4-CF₃(Ph) 3.138 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 4-CH₃(Ph) 3.139 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 1-Naphthyl 3.140 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 2,4-Cl(Ph) 3.141 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3,4-Cl(Ph) 3.142 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3,5-CT(Ph) 3.143 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 2-Pyridyl 3.144 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3-Pyridyl 3.145 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) 4-Pyridyl 3.146 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) CH₂—OPh 3.147 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) 3.148 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) Ph 3.149 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 2-Cl(Ph) 3.150 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 3-Cl(Ph) 3.151 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-Cl(Ph) 3.152 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 2-F(Ph) 3.153 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 3-F(Ph) 3.154 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-F(Ph) 3.155 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 2-Br(Ph) 3.156 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 3-Br(Ph) 3.157 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-Br(Ph) 3.158 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 2-CF₃(Ph) 3.159 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 3-CF₃(Ph) 3.160 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-CF₃(Ph) 3.161 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 4-CH₃(Ph) 3.162 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 1-Naphthyl 3.163 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 2,4-Cl(Ph) 3.164 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 3,4-Cl(Ph) 3.165 CH₃ N 4-CF₃(Ph) 3,5-Cl(Ph) 3.166 C₂H₅ N Ph Ph 3.167 C₂H₅ N Ph 2-Cl(Ph) 3.168 C₂H₅ N Ph 3-Cl(Ph) 3.169 C₂H₅ N Ph 4-Cl(Ph) 3.170 C₂H₅ N Ph 2-F(Ph) 3.171 C₂H₅ N Ph 3-F(Ph) 3.172 C₂H₅ N Ph 4-F(Ph) 3.173 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) Ph 3.174 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 2-CF₃(Ph) 3.175 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3-CF₃(Ph) 3.176 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 4-CF₃(Ph) 3.177 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 4-CH₃(Ph) 3.178 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 1-Naphthyl 3.179 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 2,4-Cl(Ph) 3.180 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3,4-Cl(Ph) 3.181 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3,5-Cl(Ph) 3.182 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 2-Pyridyl 3.183 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 3-Pyridyl 3.184 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) 4-Pyridyl 3.185 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) CH₂—OPh 3.186 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) 3.187 CH₃ N 2-Pyridyl Ph 3.188 CH₃ N 3-Pyridyl Ph 3.189 CH₃ N 4-Pyridyl Ph 3.190 CH₃ N 2-Pyridyl 2Cl-Ph 3.191 CH₃ N 3-Pyridyl 3Cl-Ph 3.192 CH₃ N 4-Pyridyl 4Cl-Ph 3.193 C₂H₅ N 3-Pyridyl CH₂—OPh 3.194 C₂H₅ N 4-Pyridyl CH₂—O(4-Cl(Ph)) 3.195 CH₃ N Ph CN 3.196 CH₃ N Ph CO₂CH8 3.197 C₂H₅ N Ph CN 3.198 C₂H₅ N Ph CO₂CH₃ 3.199 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) CN 3.200 CH₃ N 4-Cl(Ph) CO₂CH₃ 3.201 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) CN 3.202 C₂H₅ N 4-Cl(Ph) CO₂CH₃

As used in Tables 1 to 3 Ph is understood to be phenyl.

Scheme A describes the general procedure for the preparation of compounds of the Formula (I). These 3-heterocyclic-3,4,5-substituted isoxazolidines are prepared by the reaction of nitrones (V) with substituted alkenes (VI). The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones to alkenes is described in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vol 21., pp.207-251, 1977; Angewandte Chem. Int. Ed, Vol. 2, 565-598, 1963; Synthesis, 205-221, 1975 and in J. Org. Chemistry, Vol. 49, 276-1281, 1984 and references cited therein. The cycloaddition can proceed to provide two regioisomers one of which is shown in Scheme A of formula I where R₄ and R₅ are bonded to the carbon adjacent to the oxygen of the isoxazolidine. The other regioisomer, where R₂ and R₃ are bonded to the carbon adjacent to the oxygen of the isoxazolidine are also the subject of this invention. The regioisomers, when formed can be separated by conventional techniques such as thin layer or column chromatography. The reaction of N-substituted-3,3-disubstituted nitrones of formula V or V′ are conducted in solvents such as benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene at temperatures of 50° C. to the solvent boiling point and preferably at reflux in toluene. The olefins utilized can be tetrasubstituted olefins (VI), as shown in scheme A but are most often α,α-disubstituted olefins (VI where R₂, R₃=H) and monosubstituted olefins (VI′ where R₄=H) such as substituted styrenes, allylethers and acrylates. The isoxazolidines of the present invention can exist in diastereomeric forms. For example when monosubstituted olefins are employed the substituents H and R₅ can be cis or trans to the C-3 heterocycle. The cis and trans isomers can be separated by standard chromatographic techniques. When separated the isomers are designated isomer A or isomer B with isomer A possessing the higher Rf on thin layer chromatography.

Scheme B describes the general procedure for the preparation of nitrones V and V′. The nitrones of the present invention are N-substituted-α,α-disubstituted such that the alpha substituents must be non-hydrogen substituents. The chemistry of nitrones, both preparations and reactions, are described in Chem Reviews, Vol. 64, 473-495, 1964. The nitrones of the present invention are derived from ketones which bear one heterocycle in the form of 3-pyridyl or 5-pyrimidinyl rings and the other substituent as R₁ defined previously. The nitrones are prepared from the corresponding ketone in a hydroxylic solvent such as methanol or ethanol, preferably ethanol, at room temperature to reflux, preferably at room temperature, by the reaction with an R—NHOH for example N-methylhydroxylamine in the form of the hydrochloride salt in the presence of sodium acetate. The nitrone is isolated by removing the solvent followed by trituration of the resulting wet solid with methylene chloride with isolation of the nitrone from the filtrate. The nitrones are used directly in the cycloaddition reactions described in scheme A.

The ketones of formula VII and VII′ bearing a 3-pyridyl or 5-pyrimidinyl substituents can be prepared by standard synthesis techniques or in the case of 3-acetylpyridine is commercially available. For example March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed, pp. 963-965, and references cited therein, describe the preparation of ketones from nitrites by addition of a Grignard reagent, RMgBr, or an organolithium such as RLi.

Pyridyl ketones can be prepared by Friedel Crafts acylation as described in Organic Synthesis, Vol. 37, 1957, by magnesium catalyzed acylation to form acetylpyridines as described in Tetrahedron Vol. 48, pp.9233-9236, 1992, and from pyridyl esters by classical Claisen condensation as described in JACS, Vol. 69, 119, 1947 and Vol. 76, 5452, 1954. When the reaction of the nitrones, V and V′, with olefins (VI and VI′) provides incomplete conversion to the isoxazolidines (I), mixtures of (I) and (VII) are isolated. To remove the unwanted ketones VII and VII′ the mixture is exposed to an alkylhydroxylamine in an alcoholic solvent in the presence of sodium acetate and is stirred at room temperature. The solvent is removed and the residue is dissolved in an organic solvent which is washed thoroughly with water. The water soluble nitrone is removed in the aqueous phase and the resulting organic phase contains the pure desired product.

The compounds of this invention can be made according to the following procedures:

EXAMPLE 1 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-3-(3-pyridyl)isoxazolidine (Compounds 1.4, 1.4A and 1.4B of Table I)

In a 500 ml 3-necked RB flask was added 35 g (0.233 mol) of 3-pyridyl-N-methyl ethylimine N-oxide and 32.3 g of p-chlorostyrene (0.233 mol, 1 eq.) in 200 mL toluene and was heated to reflux (110° C.) for 5 hours. The reaction is monitored by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) (1:1 Hex/EtOAc). Upon consumption of the p-chlorostyrene the reaction was cooled to room temperature. The toluene was extracted with 300 mL of 10% HCl, then 100 mL of 10% HCl. The acid layer was then washed once with 100 mL toluene. The toluene portion was discarded and the acid portion was taken to pH 6 with 10% NaOH. This aqueous portion was extracted with several 200 ml portions of ethyl acetate. Washed the EtOAc with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and stripped to yield an 32 g of an orange oil which was a mixture of the desired product and 3-acetylpyridine.

The crude reaction mixture was purified by the following process. 32 g of the crude mixture as an orange oil was treated with 10 g of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride, and 20 g of sodium acetate in a 500 mL RB flask with 100 mL of absolute ethanol. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent was removed and the residue was dissolved in 150 mL of ethyl acetate which was wased with 2×100 mL water and 1×100 mL brine. The solvent was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and stripped to yield 15.6 g of an orange oil whose 300 MHz ¹H NMR was consistent with 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-3-(3-pyridyl)isoxazolidine as a 2:1 mixture of isomer A (higher Rf on TLC): isomer B (lower Rf on TLC).

NMR (¹H, 200 MHz) of Compound 1.04: 1.6-1.7(two singlets, 3H), 2.6(two singlets, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 4.9-5.4(two dd, 1H), 7.0-7.4(m 5H), 7.8-8.0(two dd,1H), 8.5-8.6(two dd, 1H) and 8.75 and 8.85 (two dd,1H).

8 g of the crude mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography with 1:1 hexane:EtOAc and gave 1.2 g of 9:1 A:B isomers as a clear oil, 0.4 g of 4:1 A:B isomers as a clear oil, 0.2 g of 1:6 A:B isomer as a white solid, mp. 75° C.-80° C. and 2.0 g of 4:5 mixture of A:B isomers as a mixture od solid and oil (52.5% yield based on 8 g purified).

NMR (¹H, 200 MHz) 9:1 isomers A:B, major isomer A, Compound 1.04A: 1.6(s, 3H), 2.6(s, 3H), 2.5-2.9(m, 2H), 5.2-5.4(dd, 1H), 7.0-7.4(m 5H), 7.8-7.9(d,1H), 8.5(d, 1H) and 8.75(d,1H).

NMR (¹H, 200 MHz) 1:5 isomers A:B, major isomer B, Compound 1.04B: 1.55(s, 3H), 2.6(s, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 4.85-5.0(t, 1H), 7.0-7.4(m 5H), 7.9-8.0(d,1H), 8.6(d, 1H) and 8.85(d,1H).

Synthesis of Nitrone, 3-pyridyl-N-methyl ethylimine N-oxide

3-Acetylpyridine (80 g, 0.661 mol), N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (84 g, 1.018 mol, 1.5 eq) and sodium acetate (164.8 g, 2.01 mol, 3 eq) were combined in a 1 L rbf with 450 mL of absolute ethanol. Let stir overnight. Reaction monitored by TLC (1:1 EtAc/Hexanes). Watch for the disappearance of the 3-Acetylpyridene spot and the formation of a spot on the baseline (presumably the nitrone). Stripped off the ethanol. Took up the residue in 400 mL of methylene chloride. Filtered off remaining residue. Dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and stripped to yield a light yellow oil. Yield for this run was 94 g (95%).

EXAMPLE 2 5-phenoxymethyl-3-phenyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-2-methyl isoxazolidine Compounds 3.22A, 3.22B of Table 3

Into a 300 ml 3-neck RB flask under nitrogen was added 2.1 g (1.0 eq., 10 mmole) 3-pyridyl-N-methyl benzylimine N-oxide in 25 ml toluene and 4.0 g (3.0 eq., 30 mmole) of allyl phenyl ether in 25 ml toluene and heated at reflux (110° C.). After one day, the following additional starting reagents were added to the flask: 1.05 g (1.0 eq., 5 mmole) of the N-oxide and 2.0 g (3.0 eq., 15 mmole) of the ether. Heated at reflux for 6 days and worked up. In the work up the reaction solution was concentrated on the rotovap at 50° C. to give 6.6 g wet solid containing a mixture of stereoisomers. Triturated the wet solid with ethyl acetate/hexane and vacuum filtered to give 1.8 g isomer A (upper spot, Rf=0.59 ethyl acetate/hexane 1:1) product as a solid, mp=145° C.-147° C.

NMR (¹H, 200 MHz) of Compound 3.22A: 2.5(s, 3H); 3.0(s, 1H); 3.3(s, 1H); 3.7-4.1(m, 2H); 4.65 (s, 1H); 6.8-7.4(m 11H); 7.85(d,1H), 8.5(dd, 1H); 8.65(d,1H).

Concentrated the filtrate to give 4.5 g yellow oil and chromatographed (ethyl acetate/hexane 1:1) to give 0.7 g isomer B (Rf=0.47 ethyl acetate/hexane 1:1) product as a yellow oil.

NMR (¹H, 200 MHz) of Compound 3.22B: 2.5(s, 3H); 3.1(s, 2H); 4.1(s, 2H); 4.4(s,1H); 6.85-7.4(m,11H); 7.9(s, 1H); 8.5(dd, 1H); 8.65(d,1H).

Preparation of 3-pyridyl-N-methyl benzylimine N-oxide

Into a 300 ml 3-neck RB flask under N₂ was added 9.15 g (1.0 eq., 0.050 moles) 3-benzoylpyridine in 50 ml absolute ethanol and dissolved. Added neat 5.0 g (1.2 eq., 0.060 moles) N-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride followed by 9.84 g (2.4 eq., 0.12 moles) acetic acid, sodium salt. The reaction was stirred 88 h at ambient and refluxed (78° C.) for 20 h followed by workup. The reaction solution was made basic to pH 8 with potassium carbonate, filtered off solid, and concentrated the filtrate to give an orange wet solid. Triturated the wet solid with methylene chloride, filtered, dried filtrate over magnesium sulfate, anhyd., and concentrated to give 11.3 g orange solid, 60% product and 40% starting ketone by GC. Triturated the crude solid with ethyl acetate and filtered to give 2.4 g product as a white solid, mp=143° C.-146° C. A second crop of 1.5 g of slightly less purity was isolated from the filtrate after concentrating and trituration. Total product was 3.9 g (36.8% yield).

NMR(¹H, 200 MHz): 3.8(s,3H); 7.2-7.6(m,6H); 8.6(d,1H); 8.8(dd, 1H); 8.9 (d,1H).

EXAMPLE 3 Proton NMR data (200 MHz) are Provided in Table IV for Typical Representative Compounds of Tables I and II

TABLE IV Compd # Proton NMR δ (chemical shifts rel. to TMS) 1.4A 1.6(s, 3H), 2.6(s, 3H), 2.5-2.9(m, 2H), 5.2-5.4(dd, 1H), 7.0-7.4(m, 5H), 7.8-7.9(d,1H), 8.5(d, 1H) and 8.75(d, 1H). 1.4 1.6-1.7(two singlets, 3H), 2.6( two singlets, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 4.9-5.4 (two dd, 1H), 7.0-7.4(m 5H), 7.8-8.0(two dd, 1H), 8.5-8.6(two dd, 1H)and 8.75 and 8.85 (two dd, 1H). 1.4B 1.55(s, 3H), 2.6(s, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 4.85-5.0(t, 1H), 7.0-7.4(m, 5H), 7.9-8.0(d, 1H), 8.6(d, 1H) and 8.85(d, 1H). 3.22A 2.5(s, 3H); 3.0(s, 1H); 3.3(s, 1H); 3.7-4.1(m, 2H); 4.65 (s, 1H); 6.8-7.4 (m 11H); 7.85(d, 1H), 8.5(dd, 1H); 8.65(d, 1H). 3.22B 2.5(s, 3H); 3.1(s, 2H); 4.1(s, 2H); 4.4(s, 1H); 6.85-7.4(m, 11H); 7.9(s, 1H); 8.5(dd, 1H); 8.65(d, 1H). 1.6 1.6(s, 3H), 2.6(d, 3H), 2.6-2.9(m, 2H), 5.2-5.3(dd, 1H), 6.9- 7.4(m 5H), 7.9 (dd, 1H), 8.5(d, 1H) and 8.8(d, 1H). 1.23A 1.6(s, 3H), 2.2(d, 6H), 2.6(d, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 5.5(dd, 1H), 6.9-7.5 (m 4H), 7.8 (dd, 1H), 8.5(d, 1H) and 8.85(s, 1H). 1.23 1.6(two singlets, 3H), 2.2(d, 6H), 2.6(d, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 5.2-5.4(two multiplets, 1H), 6.9-7.5(m, 4H), 7.8-7.9 (two multiplets, 1H), 8.4-8.5(two doublets, 1H) and 8.7-8.9(two singlets, 1H). 1.2 1.5-1.6(two singlets, 3H), 2.6(br s, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 5.25-5.3 and 5.4-5.5(br m and dd, 1H), 7.0-7.4(m, 4H), 7.7- 7.8 (two d, 1H), 8.4-8.5(two doublets, 1H) and 8.7-8.9(two singlets, 1H). 1.3 1.5-1.6(two singlets, 3H), 2.6(br s, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 5.0-5.1 and 5.2-5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 7.0-7.4(m, 5H), 7.8- 7.9 (two d, 1H), 8.4-8.5 (two doublets, 1H) and 8.7-8.85(two singlets, 1H). 1.7 1.59-1.60(two singlets, 3H), 2.63(br s, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 5.0-5.1 and 5.2-5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 6.9-7.4(m, 5H), 7.8- 8.0 (two d, 1H), 8.5-8.6(two doublets, 1H) and 8.74-8.85(two singlets, 1H). 1.1 1.60-1.62(two singlets, 3H), 2.62, 2.65(two singlets, 3H), 2.3-2.9(m, 2H), 5.0-5.1 and 5.2-5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 7.1- 7.4(m, 6H), 7.85-8.0(two d, 1H), 8.5-8.6(two doublets, 1H) and 8.74-8.85(two singlets, 1H). 1.5 1.56-1.62(two singlets, 3H), 2.62, 2.65(two singlets, 3H), 2.3-2.9(two dd, 2H), 5.0-5.1 and 5.2-5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 6.9-7.65(m, 5H), 7.85-7.95 (two d, 1H), 8.45-8.55(two doublets, 1H) and 8.7-8.85(two singlets, 1H). 1.15 1.60-1.62(two singlets, 3H), 2.09, 2.17(two singlets, 3H), 2.64-2.67(br d , 3H), 2.3-2.9(two dd, 2H), 5.0-5.1 and 5.2- 5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 6.9-7.35(m, 5H), 7.85-7.95 (two d, 1H), 8.5-8.55(two doublets, 1H) and 8.7-8.85(two singlets, 1H). 1.10 1.57-1.60(two singlets, 3H), 2.61-2.63(two singlets, 3H), 2.3-2.9(two dd, 2H), 4.9-5.1 and 5.2-5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 7.1-7.65(m, 5H), 7.85-7.95 (two d, 1H), 8.5-8.55(two doublets, 1H) and 8.72-8.8(two singlets, 1H). 1.13 1.57-1.62(two singlets, 3H), 2.61-2.63(two singlets, 3H), 2.3-2.9(two dd, 2H), 5.0-5.1 and 5.2-5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 7.3-7.65(m, 5H), 7.85-7.95 (two d, 1H), 8.5-8.55(two doublets, 1H) and 8.7-8.8(two singlets, 1H). 1.9 1.58-1.62(two singlets, 3H), 2.6-2.63(two singlets, 3H), 2.3- 2.9(two dd, 2H), 5.0-5.1 and 5.2-5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 7.1- 7.5(m, 5H), 7.85-7.95 (two d, 1H), 8.5-8.55(two doublets, 1H) and 8.7-8.8(two singlets, 1H). 1.39 1.23-1.30(m, 6H, NCH₂ CH ₃, C-3 CH ₃), 2.2-2.6(m, 2H), 2.7- 3.0(m, 2H, NCH ₂CH₃), 5.0-5.1 and 5.2-5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 7.1-7.5(m, 5H), 7.85-7.95 (two d, 1H), 8.5-8.6(two doublets, 1H) and 8.7-8.8(two singlets, 1H). 1.51 1.23-1.30(m, 9H), 2.2-2.6(m, 2H), 2.9-3.0(m, 1H), 5.0-5.1 and 5.2-5.3(br m and dd, 1H), 7.1-7.5(m, 4H), 7.8-8.0 (four d, 1H), 8.5-8.6(two doublets, 1H) and 8.7-8.8(two singlets, 1H). 1.63 1.1-1.9(m, 13H), 2.1-2.6(two dd, 2H), 2.7-2.9(m, 1H), 4.9- 5.0 and 5.1-5.2(br m and m, 1H), 7.2-7.5(m, 5H), 7.85-7.95 (two d, 1H), 8.6(d, 1H) and 8.9(s, 1H). Note: ¹HNMR spectrum was recorded, using CDCl₃. Following codes were used s = singlet, d = doublets, t = triplets, m = multiplets, br = broad peak

EXAMPLE 4

Numerous compounds of this invention were tested for fungicidal activity in vivo against the diseases described below. The compounds were dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of acetone and methanol or N,N-dimethylformamide and diluted with a 2:1:1 mixture of water, acetone and methanol (by volume) to achieve the appropriate concentration. The solution was sprayed onto plants and allowed to dry for two hours. Then the plants were inoculated with fungal spores. Each test utilized control plants which were sprayed with the appropriate solvent and inoculated. For these protective tests, the plants were inoculated one day after treating the plants with the compounds of this invention. The remainder of the technique of each of the tests is given below along with the results for various compounds described herein by the Compound # against the various fungi at a dose of 100 or 150 grams per hectare. The results are percent disease control as compared to the untreated check wherein one hundred was rated as complete disease control and zero as no disease control. The percent disease control is reported in activity groups wherein A is 90-100% disease control, B is 70-89% control, C is 50-69% control and D is less than 50% disease control The application of the test fungal spores to the test plants was as follows:

Wheat Leaf Blotch (SNW)

Cultures of Septoria nodorum were maintained on Czapek-Dox V-8 juice agar plates in an incubator at 20° C. with alternating periods of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness for 2 weeks. A water suspension of the spores was obtained by shaking the portion of the plate with fungal material in deionized water and filtering through cheesecloth. The spore-containing water suspension was diluted to a spore concentration of 3.0×10⁶ spores per ml. The inoculum was dispersed by a DeVilbiss atomizer over one-week old Fielder wheat plants which had been previously sprayed with the fungicide compound. The inoculated plants were placed in a humidity cabinet at 20° C. with alternating 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness for 7 days. The inoculated seedlings were then moved to a controlled environment room at 20° C. for 2 days of incubation. Disease control values were recorded as percent control.

Wheat Powdery Mildew (WPM)

Erysiphe graminis (f. sp. tritici) was cultured on wheat seedlings, cultivar Fielder, in a controlled temperature room at 18° C. Mildew spores were shaken from the culture plants onto 7-day old wheat seedlings which had been previously sprayed with the fungicide compound. The inoculated seedlings were kept in a controlled temperature room at 18° C. and subirrigated. The percent disease control was rated 7 days after the inoculation.

Cucumber Powdery Mildew (CPM)

Sphaerotheca fulginea was maintained on cucumber plants, cultivar Bush Champion, in the greenhouse. Inoculum was prepared by placing five to ten heavily mildewed leaves in a glass jar with 500 ml of water containing 1 drop of Tween 80 per 100 ml. After shaking the liquid and leaves, the inoculum was filtered through cheese cloth and misted onto the plants with a squirt bottle mister. The spore count was 100,000 spores/ml. The plants were then placed in the greenhouse for infection and incubation. The plants were scored seven days after inoculation. Disease control values were recorded as percent control.

Rice Blast (RB)

Cultures of Pyricularia oyrzae were maintained on potato dextrose agar for two to three weeks. The spores were washed from the agar with water containing 1 drop of Tween 80 per 100 ml. After filtering the spore suspension through two layers of cheese cloth, the spore count was adjusted to 5×10⁵ spores/ml. The spore suspension was sprayed onto 12-day old rice plants, cultivar M-1, using a DeVilbiss atomizer. The inoculated plants were placed in a humidity at chamber 20° C. for 36 hours to allow for infection. After the infection period the plants were placed in the greenhouse. After 6 days, the plants were scored for disease control.

Botrytis on Cucumber (BOT)

Cucumber plants were maintained in the greenhouse. Large, fully expanded leaves were collected from the plates. The stems were wrapped with cotton, the leaves were placed in a large petri plate (15-cm. diameter) and the leaves were supported by glass rods. The upper cover of the plate was removed and the upper surface of the detached cucumber leaf was sprayed with the compounds of the present invention. The leaf was allowed to dry in the air for approximately 2 hours. The cultures of Botrytis cinerea were maintained on potato dextrose agar for two to three weeks. Agar plugs, 6-mm. in diameter, were cut with a cork borer from the periphery of the fungal colony margin. These agar plugs were placed with the fungal surface in contact with the treated upper surface of the cucumber leaf. Each leaf received two mycelial plugs. After placing the petri plate cover over the leaves, the plates were returned to a controlled environmental chamber at 20° C. and 90% humidity for three to four days. After this time, the diameter of the lesions produced by the mycelial plug was measured. The average lesion size was compared to the lesion size produced on the control leaves. Data were expressed as percent control.

Cucumber Downy Mildew (CDM)

Cucumber plants were maintained in the greenhouse. Large, fully expanded leaves were collected from the plates. The stems were wrapped with cotton, the leaves were placed in a large petri plate (15-cm. diameter) and the leaves were supported by glass rods. The upper cover of the plate was removed and the upper surface of the detached cucumber leaf was sprayed with the compounds of the present invention. The leaf was allowed to dry in the air for approximately 2 hours. The cultures of Pseudoperonospora cubensis were maintained on cucumber plants. After extracting the spores by shaking the leaves in water, the lower surface of the treated cucumber leaves were sprayed with a spore concentration of 100,000 spores per ml. The plates were returned to a controlled environmental chamber at 20° C. and 90% humidity for five days. After this time, leaves were examined for disease development. Data was expressed as percent control.

When tested against wheat leaf blotch at 300 grams per hectare compound 1.7 exhibited control in the B rating group

When tested against wheat powdery mildew at 300 grams per hectare compounds 1.04A, 1.10, and 1.51 exhibited control in the A rating group and compounds 1.7, 1.13 and 1.63 exhibited control in the B rating group.

When tested against cucumber powdery mildew at a dose of 300 grams per hectare, 1.04 exhibited control in the A rating group and 1.23 in the B rating group.

When tested against rice blast at 300 grams per hectare compounds 1.04, 1.10, 1.39 and 1.51 exhibited control in the B rating group.

When tested against cucumber gray mold at 300 grams per hectare compounds 1.04A, 1.9 and 1.10 exhibited control in the A rating group and 1.13, 1.39 and 1.51 exhibited control in the B rating group.

When tested against cucumber downy mildew at 300 grams per hectare compounds 1.04A, 1.15 and 1.51 exhibited control in the A rating group.

The compounds of this invention are useful as agricultural fungicides and, as such, can be applied to various loci such as the seed, the soil or the foliage of plants to be protected.

The compounds of this invention can be applied as fungicidal sprays by methods commonly employed, such as conventional high-volume hydraulic sprays, low-volume sprays, air-blast spray, aerial sprays and dusts. The dilution and rate of application will depend upon the type of equipment employed, the method of application, plants to be treated and diseases to be controlled. Generally, the compounds of this invention will be applied in amount of from about 0.005 kilogram to about 50 kilograms per hectare and preferably from about 0.025 to about 25 kilograms per hectare of the active ingredient.

As a seed protectant, the amount of toxicant coated on the seed is usually at a dosage rate of from about 0.05 to about 20, preferably from about 0.05 to about 4, and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 1 grams per hundred kilograms of seed. As a soil fungicide the chemical can be incorporated in the soil or applied to the surface usually at a rate of from about 0.02 to about 20, preferably from about 0.05 to about 10, and more preferably from about 0.1 to about 5 kilograms per hectare. As a foliar fungicide, the toxicant is usually applied to growing plants at a rate of from about 0.01 to about 10, preferably from about 0.02 to 5, and more preferably from about 0.25 to about 1 kilograms per hectare.

Inasmuch as the compounds of this invention display fungicidal activity, these compounds can be combined with other known fungicides to provide broad spectrum activity. Suitable fungicides include, but are not limited to, those compounds listed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,594 (see in particular columns 14 and 15). Other known fungicides which an be combined with the compounds of this invention are dimethomorph, cymoxanil, thifluzamide, furalaxyl, ofurace, benalaxyl, oxadixyl, propamocarb, cyprofuram, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, pyrimethanil, cyprodinil, triticonazole, fluquinconazole, metconazole, spiroxamine, carpropamid, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin and trifloxystrobin.

The compounds of this invention can be advantageously employed in various ways. Since these compounds possess broad spectrum fungicidal activity, they can be employed in the storage of cereal grain. These compounds can also be employed as fungicides in cereals including wheat, barley and rye, in rice, peanuts, beans and grapes, on turf, in fruit, nut and vegetable orchards, and for golf course applications.

Examples of diseases against which the compounds of the invention are useful include helminthosporium of corn and barley, wheat and barley powdery mildew, wheat leaf and stem rusts, barley stripe and leaf rust, tomato early blight, tomato late blight, peanut early leaf spot, grape powdery mildew, grape black rot, apple scab, apple powdery mildew, cucumber powdery mildew, brown rot of fruits, botrytis, bean powdery mildew, cucumber anthracnose, wheat septoria nodorum, rice sheath blight and rice blast.

The compounds of the present invention can be used in the form of compositions or formulations. Examples of the preparation of compositions and formulations can be found in the American Chemical Society publication “Pesticidal Formulation Research,” (1969), Advances in Chemistry Series No. 86, written by Wade Van Valkenburg; and the Marcel Dekker, Inc. publication “Pesticide Formulations”, (1973) edited by Wade Van Valkenburg. In these compositions and formulations, the active substance is mixed with conventional inert agronomically acceptable (i.e., plant compatible and/or pesticidally inert) pesticide diluents or extenders such as solid carrier material or liquid carrier material, of the type usable in conventional pesticide compositions or formulations. By “agronomically acceptable carrier” is meant any substance which can be used to dissolve, disperse or diffuse the active ingredient in the composition without impairing the active ingredient's effectiveness and which by itself has no significant detrimental effect on the soil, equipment, desirable plants, or agronomic environment. If desired, adjuvants such as surfactants, stabilizers, antifoam agents and anti-drift agents may also be combined.

Examples of compositions and formulations according to the invention are aqueous solutions and dispersions, oily solutions and oil dispersions, pastes, dusting powders, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, flowables, granules, baits, invert emulsions, aerosol compositions and fumigating candles. Wettable powders, pastes, flowables and emulsifiable concentrates are concentrated preparations which are diluted with water before or during use. In such formulations, the compounds are extended with a liquid or solid carrier and, when desired, suitable surfactants are incorporated. Baits are preparations generally comprising a food or other substance attractive to insects, that includes at least one compound of the instant invention.

It is usually desirable, particularly in the case of foliar spray formulations, to include adjuvants, such as wetting agents, spreading agents, dispersing agents, stickers, adhesive and the like in accordance with agricultural practices. A listing of such adjuvants commonly used in the art, and a discussion of adjuvants, can be found in many references, such as in the John W. McCutcheon, Inc. publication “Detergents and Emulsifiers, Annual.”

The active compounds of the present invention may be employed alone or in the form of mixtures with one another and/or with such solid and/or liquid dispersible carrier vehicles and/or with other known compatible active agents; especially plant protection agents, such as other insecticides, arthropodicides, nematicides, fungicides, bactericides, rodenticides, herbicides, fertilizers, growth-regulating agents, synergists.

In the compositions of the invention, the active compound is present in an amount substantially between about 0.0001 (1:999,999)-99 (99:1) % by weight. For compositions suitable for storage or transportation, the amount of active ingredient is preferably between about 0.5 (1:199)-90 (9:1) % by weight, and more preferably between about 1 (1:99)-75 (3:1) % by weight of the mixture. Compositions suitable for direct application or field application generally contain the active compound in an amount substantially between about 0.0001 (1:999,999)-95 (19:1) %, preferably between about 0.0005 (1:199,999)-90 (9:1) % by weight, and more preferably between about 0.001 (1:99,999)-75 (3:1) % by weight of the mixture. The composition can also be stated as a ratio of the compound to the carrier. In the present invention the weight ratio of these materials (active compound/carrier) can vary from 99:1 (99%) to 1:4 (20%) and more preferably from 10:1 (91%) to 1:3 (25%).

In general, the compounds of this invention can be dissolved in certain solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, pyridine or dimethyl sulfoxide and such solutions can be diluted with water. The concentrations of the solution can vary from about 1% to about 90% with a preferred range being from about 5% to about 50%.

For the preparation of emulsifiable concentrates, the compound can be dissolved in suitable organic solvents, or a mixture of solvents, together with an emulsifying agent to enhance dispersion of the compound in water. The concentration of the active ingredient in emulsifiable concentrates is usually from about 10% to about 90%, and in flowable emulsion concentrates, can be as high as about 75%.

Wettable powders suitable for spraying, can be prepared by admixing the compound with a finely divided solid, such as clay, inorganic silicate and carbonate, and silica and incorporating wetting agents, sticking agents, and/or dispersing agents in such mixtures. The concentration of active ingredients in such formulations is usually in the range of from about 20% to about 99%, preferably from about 40% to about 75%. A typical wettable powder is made by blending 50 parts of a compound of Formula I, 45 parts of a synthetic precipitated hydrated silicon dioxide, such as that sold under the trademark Hi-SilR, available from PPG Industries, Pittsburgh, Pa., and 5 parts of sodium lignosulfonate. In another preparation a kaolin type (Barden) clay is used in place of the Hi-Sil in the above wettable powder, and in another such preparation 25% of the Hi-Sil is replaced with a synthetic sodium silicoaluminate sold under the trademark Zeolex®3.

Dusts are prepared by mixing compounds of Formula I, or the enantiomorphs, salts and complexes thereof with finely divided inert solids which can be organic or inorganic in nature. Materials useful for this purpose include botanical flours, silicas, silicates, carbonates and clays. One convenient method of preparing a dust is to dilute a wettable powder with a finely divided carrier. Dust concentrates containing from about 20% to about 80% of the active ingredient are commonly made and are subsequently diluted to from about 1% to about 10% use concentration.

The active compounds can be applied as insecticide sprays by methods commonly employed, such as conventional high-gallonage hydraulic sprays, low gallonage sprays, ultra-low-volume sprays, airblast spray, aerial sprays, and dusts.

The present invention also contemplates methods of killing, combatting or controlling pests which comprises contacting pests with a combative or toxic amount (i.e. a pesticidally effective amount) of at least one active compound of the invention alone or together with a carrier vehicle (composition or formulation) as noted above. The term “contacting” as employed in the specification and claims means applying to at least one of (a) such pests and (b) the corresponding habit at thereof (i.e., the locus to be protected, for example, to a growing crop or to an area where a crop is to be grown) the active compound of this invention alone or as a constituent of a composition or formulation.

In addition to the aforementioned ingredients the preparations according to the invention may also contain other substances commonly used in preparations of this kind. For example, a lubricant, such as calcium stearate or magnesium stearate, may be added to a wettable powder or to a mixture to be granulated. Furthermore there may, for example, be added “adhesives” such as polyvinylalcohol-cellulose derivatives or other colloidal materials, such as casein, to improve the adherence of the pesticide to the surface to be protected. 

We claim:
 1. A compound of the formula:

X is CH or nitrogen; R is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl, halo(C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, halo(C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, halo(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aralkyl, aryloxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl and heterocyclic; R₁ is selected from the group consisting of aryl, heterocyclic, and C(R₆R₇R₈) R₂ and R₃ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic; cyano, and (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; R₄ and R₅ are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl, halo(C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, halo(C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, halo(C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aryl, aryloxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, cyano, and (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl such that R₄ and R₅ are not both hydrogen; R₆, R₇, and R₈ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₂-C₈)alkenyl, (C₂-C₈)alkynyl, (C₁-C₁₂)alkoxy(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, and heterocyclic(C₁-C₄)alkyl; wherein heterocyclic is selected from the group consisting of 2-,3- or 4-pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, 2-,4-, or 5-pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, quinolyl and isoquinolyl optionally substituted with up to two substituents independently selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halogen, cyano, nitro and trihalomethyl; and enantiomers, stereoisomers, and agronomically acceptable salts thereof.
 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₁₂)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₁₂)alkyl, R₁ is selected from the group consisting of aryl and C(R₆R₇R₈), and R₄ is selected from the group consisting of trihalomethylsubstitutedphenyl and halo-substituted phenyl.
 3. The compound of claim 2 wherein R is (C₁-C₄)alkyl, R₁ is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, halo-substituted phenyl, and C(R₆, R₇, R₈), and R₄ is selected from the group consisting of 2-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl.
 4. The compound of claim 2 wherein R is (C₁-C₄)alkyl, R₄ is selected from the group consisting of 2-chlorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and R₆, R₇ and R₈ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and (C₁-C₄)alkyl.
 5. The compound of claim 3 wherein R is methyl, R₁ is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, and R₄ is selected from the group consisting of 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl.
 6. The compound of claim 4 wherein R is methyl, R₄ is selected from the group consisting of 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and R₆, R₇, and R₈ are hydrogen.
 7. The compound of claim 5 wherein R₁ is selected from the group consisting of phenyl and 4-chlorophenyl, R₄ is selected from the group consisting of 4-chlorophenyl and 4-fluorophenyl.
 8. The compound 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-3-(3-pyridyl)isoxazolidine.
 9. A fungicidal composition for controlling phytopathogenic fungi which comprises an agronomically acceptable carrier and the compound of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the carrier to the compound is between 99:1 and 1:4.
 10. A method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi which comprises applying the compound of claim 1 to the locus where control is desired, at a rate of from 0.005 to 50 kilograms per hectare. 